hw/nvram/aspeed_otp: Add OTP programming semantics and tracing

Implement correct OTP programming behavior for Aspeed OTP:
- Support read-modify-write flow with one-way bit programming:
  * prog_bit uses 0s as the "to-be-programmed" mask.
  * Even-indexed words: 0->1, odd-indexed words: 1->0.
  * Reject non-programmable requests and log conflicts.
- Enable unaligned accesses in MemoryRegionOps.
  Since each OTP address maps to a 1DW (4B) or 2DW (8B) block in the
  backing store, upper-layer accesses may be unaligned to block
  boundaries.

This matches the irreversible, word-parity-dependent programming rules
of Aspeed SoCs and exposes changes via QEMU trace events.

Signed-off-by: Kane-Chen-AS <kane_chen@aspeedtech.com>
Reviewed-by: Cédric Le Goater <clg@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/qemu-devel/20250812094011.2617526-6-kane_chen@aspeedtech.com
[ clg: Fixed PRIx64 format in aspeed_otp_write() ]
Signed-off-by: Cédric Le Goater <clg@redhat.com>

hw/nvram/aspeed_otp.c

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "system/block-backend.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
 #include "hw/nvram/aspeed_otp.h"
+#include "hw/nvram/trace.h"
 
 static uint64_t aspeed_otp_read(void *opaque, hwaddr offset, unsigned size)
 {
@@ -23,12 +24,87 @@ static uint64_t aspeed_otp_read(void *opaque, hwaddr offset, unsigned size)
     return val;
 }
 
+static bool valid_program_data(uint32_t otp_addr,
+                                 uint32_t value, uint32_t prog_bit)
+{
+    uint32_t programmed_bits, has_programmable_bits;
+    bool is_odd = otp_addr & 1;
+
+    /*
+     * prog_bit uses 0s to indicate target bits to program:
+     *   - if OTP word is even-indexed, programmed bits flip 0->1
+     *   - if odd, bits flip 1->0
+     * Bit programming is one-way only and irreversible.
+     */
+    if (is_odd) {
+        programmed_bits = ~value & prog_bit;
+    } else {
+        programmed_bits = value & (~prog_bit);
+    }
+
+    /* If any bit can be programmed, accept the request */
+    has_programmable_bits = value ^ (~prog_bit);
+
+    if (programmed_bits) {
+        trace_aspeed_otp_prog_conflict(otp_addr, programmed_bits);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
+            if (programmed_bits & (1U << i)) {
+                trace_aspeed_otp_prog_bit(i);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return has_programmable_bits != 0;
+}
+
+static bool program_otpmem_data(void *opaque, uint32_t otp_addr,
+                             uint32_t prog_bit, uint32_t *value)
+{
+    AspeedOTPState *s = opaque;
+    bool is_odd = otp_addr & 1;
+    uint32_t otp_offset = otp_addr << 2;
+
+    memcpy(value, s->storage + otp_offset, sizeof(uint32_t));
+
+    if (!valid_program_data(otp_addr, *value, prog_bit)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (is_odd) {
+        *value &= ~prog_bit;
+    } else {
+        *value |= ~prog_bit;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 static void aspeed_otp_write(void *opaque, hwaddr otp_addr,
                                 uint64_t val, unsigned size)
 {
     AspeedOTPState *s = opaque;
+    uint32_t otp_offset, value;
 
-    memcpy(s->storage + otp_addr, &val, size);
+    if (!program_otpmem_data(s, otp_addr, val, &value)) {
+        qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
+                      "%s: Failed to program data, value = %x, bit = %"PRIx64"\n",
+                      __func__, value, val);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    otp_offset = otp_addr << 2;
+    memcpy(s->storage + otp_offset, &value, size);
+
+    if (s->blk) {
+        if (blk_pwrite(s->blk, otp_offset, size, &value, 0) < 0) {
+            qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
+                          "%s: Failed to write %x to %x\n",
+                          __func__, value, otp_offset);
+
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    trace_aspeed_otp_prog(otp_offset, val, value);
 }
 
 static bool aspeed_otp_init_storage(AspeedOTPState *s, Error **errp)
@@ -63,6 +139,8 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps aspeed_otp_ops = {
     .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
     .valid.min_access_size = 1,
     .valid.max_access_size = 4,
+    .valid.unaligned = true,
+    .impl.unaligned = true
 };
 
 static void aspeed_otp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)

hw/nvram/trace-events

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 # See docs/devel/tracing.rst for syntax documentation.
 
+# aspeed_otp.c
+aspeed_otp_prog(uint32_t addr, uint32_t prog_value, uint32_t value) "OTP Memory program: addr 0x%" PRIx32 " prog_value 0x%" PRIx32 " value 0x%" PRIx32
+aspeed_otp_prog_conflict(uint32_t addr, uint32_t bits) "Conflict at addr=0x%x, bits=0x%08x"
+aspeed_otp_prog_bit(int bit) "Programmed bit %d"
+
 # ds1225y.c
 nvram_read(uint32_t addr, uint32_t ret) "read addr %d: 0x%02x"
 nvram_write(uint32_t addr, uint32_t old, uint32_t val) "write addr %d: 0x%02x -> 0x%02x"