Create MSHV vCPUs using MSHV_CREATE_VP and initialize their state.
Register the MSHV CPU execution loop loop with the QEMU accelerator
framework to enable guest code execution.
The target/i386 functionality is still mostly stubbed out and will be
populated in a later commit in this series.
Signed-off-by: Magnus Kulke <magnuskulke@linux.microsoft.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250916164847.77883-11-magnuskulke@linux.microsoft.com
[Fix g_free/g_clear_pointer confusion; rename qemu_wait_io_event;
mshv.h/mshv_int.h split. - Paolo]
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Create the MSHV virtual machine by opening a partition and issuing
the necessary ioctl to initialize it. This sets up the basic VM
structure and initial configuration used by MSHV to manage guest state.
Signed-off-by: Magnus Kulke <magnuskulke@linux.microsoft.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250916164847.77883-10-magnuskulke@linux.microsoft.com
[Add stubs; fix format strings for trace-events; make mshv_hvcall
available only in per-target files; mshv.h/mshv_int.h split. - Paolo]
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Add memory listener hooks for the MSHV accelerator to track guest
memory regions. This enables the backend to respond to region
additions, removals and will be used to manage guest memory mappings
inside the hypervisor.
Actually registering physical memory in the hypervisor is still stubbed
out.
Signed-off-by: Magnus Kulke <magnuskulke@linux.microsoft.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250916164847.77883-9-magnuskulke@linux.microsoft.com
[mshv.h/mshv_int.h split. - Paolo]
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Introduce the initial scaffold for the MSHV (Microsoft Hypervisor)
accelerator backend. This includes the basic directory structure and
stub implementations needed to integrate with QEMU's accelerator
framework.
Signed-off-by: Magnus Kulke <magnuskulke@linux.microsoft.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250916164847.77883-8-magnuskulke@linux.microsoft.com
[Move include of linux/mshv.h in the per-target section; create
include/system/mshv_int.h. - Paolo]
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Rename APIC helper functions to use an accel_* prefix instead of kvm_*
to support use by accelerators other than KVM. This is a preparatory
step for integrating MSHV support with common APIC logic.
Signed-off-by: Magnus Kulke <magnuskulke@linux.microsoft.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250916164847.77883-5-magnuskulke@linux.microsoft.com
[Remove dead definition of mshv_msi_via_irqfd_enabled. - Paolo]
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Introduce a Meson feature option and default-config entry to allow
building QEMU with MSHV (Microsoft Hypervisor) acceleration support.
This is the first step toward implementing an MSHV backend in QEMU.
Signed-off-by: Magnus Kulke <magnuskulke@linux.microsoft.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250916164847.77883-2-magnuskulke@linux.microsoft.com
[Add error for unavailable accelerator. - Paolo]
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Not needed since commit 63e7af2035 ("hw/mips: Restrict ITU to TCG").
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-ID: <20250924165039.52250-1-philmd@linaro.org>
Since commit a97d5d2c8b ("accel/tcg: Use interval tree for TBs in
user-only mode") this code is guarded with #ifdef'ry and only build
for system emulation where mmap_unlock() is meaningless. Remove the
call.
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-ID: <20250924164824.51971-1-philmd@linaro.org>
If we only have one vcpu, or within cpu_exec_step_atomic,
we needn't jump all the way back out to the cpu loop to
empty the code gen buffer.
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Rename the function and remove the path which
performs the flush immediately.
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
In all cases, we are already within start_exclusive.
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
We need not call tb_flush once per cpu, only once per vmload.
By moving the call from cpu_common_post_load to a tcg-specific
vm_change_state_handler, we do even better than that: we only
flush when called from HMP triggered loadvm, when we had old
state to flush.
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Pierrick Bouvier <pierrick.bouvier@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Expose a routine to be called when no cpus are running.
Simplify the do_tb_flush run_on_cpu callback, because
that is explicitly called with start_exclusive; there
is no need for the mmap_lock as well.
Reviewed-by: Pierrick Bouvier <pierrick.bouvier@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
When we remove dest from orig's links, we lose the link
that we rely on later to reset links. This can lead to
failure to release from spinlock with self-modifying code.
Cc: qemu-stable@nongnu.org
Reported-by: 李威威 <liweiwei@kubuds.cn>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Anton Johansson <anjo@rev.ng>
Tested-by: Anton Johansson <anjo@rev.ng>
Encapsulate access to cpu->neg.tlb.f[] in a function.
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Pierrick Bouvier <pierrick.bouvier@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Use a typedef instead of uint16_t directly when
describing sets of mmu indexes.
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Pierrick Bouvier <pierrick.bouvier@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Current QEMU unconditionally sets the guest_memfd_offset of KVMSlot in
kvm_set_phys_mem(), which leads to the trace of kvm_set_user_memory looks:
kvm_set_user_memory AddrSpace#0 Slot#4 flags=0x2 gpa=0xe0000 size=0x20000 ua=0x7f5840de0000 guest_memfd=-1 guest_memfd_offset=0x3e0000 ret=0
It's confusing that the guest_memfd_offset has a non-zero value while
the guest_memfd is invalid (-1).
Change to only set guest_memfd_offset when guest_memfd is valid and
leave it as 0 when no valid guest_memfd.
Signed-off-by: Xiaoyao Li <xiaoyao.li@intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250728115707.1374614-4-xiaoyao.li@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Zero out the entire mem explicitly before it's used, to ensure the unused
feilds (pad1, pad2) are all zeros. Otherwise, it might cause problem when
the pad fields are extended by future KVM.
Fixes: ce5a983233 ("kvm: Enable KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2 for memslot")
Signed-off-by: Xiaoyao Li <xiaoyao.li@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250728115707.1374614-3-xiaoyao.li@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
It returns more accruate result on checking KVM_CAP_GUEST_MEMFD and
KVM_CAP_USER_MEMORY2 on VM instance instead of on KVM platform.
Signed-off-by: Xiaoyao Li <xiaoyao.li@intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250728115707.1374614-2-xiaoyao.li@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Whenever user-mode emulation needs to go all the way out of the cpu
exec loop, it uses cpu_exit(), which already sets cpu->exit_request.
Therefore, there is no need for tcg_kick_vcpu_thread() to set
cpu->exit_request again outside system emulation.
Reviewed-by: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
There is no reason for some accelerators to use qemu_process_cpu_events_common
(which is separated from qemu_process_cpu_events() specifically for round
robin TCG). They can also check for events directly on the first pass through
the loop, instead of setting cpu->exit_request to true.
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Make the code common to all accelerators: after seeing cpu->exit_request
set to true, accelerator code needs to reach qemu_process_cpu_events_common().
So for the common cases where they use qemu_process_cpu_events(), go ahead and
clear it in there. Note that the cheap qatomic_set() is enough because
at this point the thread has taken the BQL; qatomic_set_mb() is not needed.
In particular, this is the ordering of the communication between
I/O and vCPU threads is always the same.
In the I/O thread:
(a) store other memory locations that will be checked if cpu->exit_request
or cpu->interrupt_request is 1 (for example cpu->stop or cpu->work_list
for cpu->exit_request)
(b) cpu_exit(): store-release cpu->exit_request, or
(b) cpu_interrupt(): store-release cpu->interrupt_request
>>> at this point, cpu->halt_cond is broadcast and the BQL released
(c) do the accelerator-specific kick (e.g. write icount_decr for TCG,
pthread_kill for KVM, etc.)
In the vCPU thread instead the opposite order is respected:
(c) the accelerator's execution loop exits thanks to the kick
(b) then the inner execution loop checks cpu->interrupt_request
and cpu->exit_request. If needed cpu->interrupt_request is
converted into cpu->exit_request when work is needed outside
the execution loop.
(a) then the other memory locations are checked. Some may need to
be read under the BQL, but the vCPU thread may also take other
locks (e.g. for queued work items) or none at all.
qatomic_set_mb() would only be needed if the halt sleep was done
outside the BQL (though in that case, cpu->exit_request probably
would be replaced by a QemuEvent or something like that).
Reviewed-by: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Add a user-mode emulation version of the function. More will be
added later, for now it is just process_queued_cpu_work.
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Do so before extending it to the user-mode emulators, where there is no
such thing as an "I/O thread".
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Right now, cpu_exit() is not usable from all accelerators because it
includes a TCG-specific thread kick. In fact, cpu_exit() doubles as
the TCG thread-kick via tcg_kick_vcpu_thread().
In preparation for changing that, inline cpu_exit() into
tcg_kick_vcpu_thread(). The direction of the calls can then be
reversed, with an accelerator-independent cpu_exit() calling into
qemu_vcpu_kick() rather than the opposite.
Reviewed-by: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Round-robin TCG is calling into cpu_exit() directly. In preparation
for making cpu_exit() usable from all accelerators, define a generic
thread-kick function for TCG which is used directly in the multi-threaded
case, and through CPU_FOREACH in the round-robin case.
Use it also for user-mode emulation, and take the occasion to move
the implementation to accel/tcg/user-exec.c.
Reviewed-by: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
CPU threads write exit_request as a "note to self" that they need to
go out to a slow path. This write happens out of the BQL and can be
a data race with another threads' cpu_exit(); use atomic accesses
consistently.
While at it, change the source argument from int ("1") to bool ("true").
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reads and writes cpu->exit_request do not use a load-acquire/store-release
pair right now, but this means that cpu_exit() may not write cpu->exit_request
after any flags that are read by the vCPU thread.
Probably everything is protected one way or the other by the BQL, because
cpu->exit_request leads to the slow path, where the CPU thread often takes
the BQL (for example, to go to sleep by waiting on the BQL-protected
cpu->halt_cond); but it's not clear, so use load-acquire/store-release
consistently.
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Open coding cpu_reset_interrupt() can cause bugs if the BQL is not
taken, for example i386 has the call chain kvm_cpu_exec() ->
kvm_put_vcpu_events() -> kvm_arch_put_registers().
Reviewed-by: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
* cpu-exec, accel: remove BQL usage for interrupt_request != 0
* memory, hpet, pmtimer: introduce BQL-free PIO/MMIO
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Merge tag 'for-upstream' of https://gitlab.com/bonzini/qemu into staging
* hw/i386: split isapc from PCI boards
* cpu-exec, accel: remove BQL usage for interrupt_request != 0
* memory, hpet, pmtimer: introduce BQL-free PIO/MMIO
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# gpg: Signature made Fri 29 Aug 2025 09:03:10 PM AEST
# gpg: using RSA key F13338574B662389866C7682BFFBD25F78C7AE83
# gpg: issuer "pbonzini@redhat.com"
# gpg: Good signature from "Paolo Bonzini <bonzini@gnu.org>" [unknown]
# gpg: aka "Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>" [unknown]
# gpg: WARNING: The key's User ID is not certified with a trusted signature!
# gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
# Primary key fingerprint: 46F5 9FBD 57D6 12E7 BFD4 E2F7 7E15 100C CD36 69B1
# Subkey fingerprint: F133 3857 4B66 2389 866C 7682 BFFB D25F 78C7 AE83
* tag 'for-upstream' of https://gitlab.com/bonzini/qemu: (28 commits)
tcg: move interrupt caching and single step masking closer to user
kvm: i386: irqchip: take BQL only if there is an interrupt
hpet: make main counter read lock-less
hpet: move out main counter read into a separate block
hpet: switch to fine-grained device locking
acpi: mark PMTIMER as unlocked
memory: reintroduce BQL-free fine-grained PIO/MMIO
add cpu_test_interrupt()/cpu_set_interrupt() helpers and use them tree wide
user-exec: ensure interrupt_request is not used
hw/i386/isapc.c: replace rom_memory with system_memory
hw/i386/pc_piix.c: replace rom_memory with pci_memory
hw/i386/pc_piix.c: remove unused headers after isapc machine split
hw/i386: move isapc machine to separate isapc.c file
hw/i386/pc_piix.c: assume pcmc->pci_enabled is always true in pc_init1()
hw/i386/pc_piix.c: always initialise ISA IDE drives in pc_init_isa()
hw/i386/pc_piix.c: remove pc_system_flash_cleanup_unused() from pc_init_isa()
hw/i386/pc_piix.c: hardcode hole64_size to 0 in pc_init_isa()
hw/i386/pc_piix.c: simplify RAM size logic in pc_init_isa()
hw/i386/pc_piix.c: remove nvdimm initialisation from pc_init_isa()
hw/i386/pc_piix.c: remove SGX initialisation from pc_init_isa()
...
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20250815122653.701782-5-richard.henderson@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20250815122653.701782-4-richard.henderson@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
in cpu_handle_interrupt() the only place where cached interrupt_request
might have effect is when CPU_INTERRUPT_SSTEP_MASK applied and
cached interrupt_request handed over to cpu_exec_interrupt() and
need_replay_interrupt().
Simplify code by moving interrupt_request caching and CPU_INTERRUPT_SSTEP_MASK
masking into the block where it actually matters and drop reloading cached value
from CPUState:interrupt_request as the rest of the code directly uses
CPUState:interrupt_request.
Signed-off-by: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250814160600.2327672-9-imammedo@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
The helpers form load-acquire/store-release pair and ensure
that appropriate barriers are in place in case checks happen
outside of BQL.
Use them to replace open-coded checkers/setters across the code,
to make sure that barriers are not missed. Helpers also make code a
bit more readable.
Signed-off-by: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason J. Herne <jjherne@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250821155603.2422553-1-imammedo@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
cpu_interrupt() is not called anymore except by ARM but even there
it is dead code; disentangling the various cpregs accessors from user-mode
emulation is a work in progress.
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
kvm_park_vcpu() and kvm_unpark_vcpu() is only used in kvm-all.c. Declare it
static, remove it from common header file and make it local to kvm-all.c
Signed-off-by: Ani Sinha <anisinha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250815065445.8978-1-anisinha@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Developers are accustomed to read RWX, not RWE.
Replace E -> X.
Reported-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Mads Ynddal <mads@ynddal.dk>
Reviewed-by: Xiaoyao Li <xiaoyao.li@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Factor tcg_get_stats() out of tcg_dump_stats(),
passing the current accelerator argument to match
the AccelClass::get_stats() prototype.
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20250715140048.84942-7-philmd@linaro.org>
Declare tcg_dump_stats() in "tcg/tcg.h" so it can be used out of
accel/tcg/, like by {bsd,linux}-user.
Next commit will register the TCG AccelClass::get_stats handler,
which expects a AccelState, so propagate it to dump_accel_info().
Reviewed-by: Manos Pitsidianakis <manos.pitsidianakis@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20250715140048.84942-6-philmd@linaro.org>
'info accel' dispatches to the AccelOpsClass::get_stats()
and get_vcpu_stats() handlers.
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Pierrick Bouvier <pierrick.bouvier@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20250715140048.84942-5-philmd@linaro.org>
Unstable QMP 'x-accel-stats' dispatches to the
AccelOpsClass::get_stats() and get_vcpu_stats() handlers.
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Pierrick Bouvier <pierrick.bouvier@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com>
Message-Id: <20250715140048.84942-4-philmd@linaro.org>
Statistic code is not specific to system emulation (except
cross-page checks) and can be used to analyze user-mode binaries.
Extract statistic related code to its own file: tcg-stats.c,
keeping the original LGPL-2.1-or-later license tag.
Note, this code is not yet reachable by user-mode.
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20250715140048.84942-3-philmd@linaro.org>
Only accelerator implementations (and the common accelator
code) need to know about AccelClass internals. Move the
definition out but forward declare AccelState and AccelClass.
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20250703173248.44995-39-philmd@linaro.org>
Unfortunately "system/accel-ops.h" handlers are not only
system-specific. For example, the cpu_reset_hold() hook
is part of the vCPU creation, after it is realized.
Mechanical rename to drop 'system' using:
$ sed -i -e s_system/accel-ops.h_accel/accel-cpu-ops.h_g \
$(git grep -l system/accel-ops.h)
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20250703173248.44995-38-philmd@linaro.org>
